Of all the lawn grass species, bermudagrass cynodon dactylon is by far the most widely encountered and toughest, but gardeners have a lovehate relationship with it. Digitaria dactylon, panicum dactylon, and paspalum dactylon. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Although it is not native to bermuda, it is an abundant invasive species there.
The record derives from wcsp which reports it as an accepted name record 406339 with original publication details. Cynodon dactylon has become a dominant riparian species in the reservoir region after the three gorges project was finished. It is actually a type of weed that originated from middle east from where it later spread to bermuda and north america, african savannah and india. Cynodon dactylon is invasive in parts of kenya and tanzania and uganda lyons and miller 1999. The national vegetation survey nvs databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. Bermuda grass, also known as couch grass or wiregrass is scientifically called the cynadon dactylon is a part of the poaceae family. This species is a c 4 grass included in the global compendium of weeds randall, 2012 and it is listed as one of the most serious agricultural and environmental weeds in the world holm et al. Buy the origin and distribution of cynodon dactylon l. Couch grass, bermuda grass, quickgrass, twitch grass.
Bermuda grass definition, a creeping grass, cynodon dactylon, of southern europe, grown in the southern u. Note that the pdf version is the booklet as published, whereas the. Cynodon dactylon caracteristicas, cultivo, cuidados, usos. Arbitrary octamer primers produced complex and reproducible amplification profiles with high levels of polymorphic dna. Might the dactylon of cynodon dactylon in fact derive from the generic name dactylon in dactylon officinale, which itself derives from the specific epithet dactylon in the other synonyms of cynodon dactylon, viz. Data source and references for cynodon dactylon bermudagrass from the usda plants database. Cynodon dactylon control with tillage and glyphosate. The erect or ascending culms are generally 5 45cm long, occasionally to cm. However, it most probably originated in subsaharan africa andor on. Determining the optimal vegetation coverage for controlling. The conservation status of all known new zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the new zealand threat classification system nztcs.
Plasticity in morphology and biomass allocation in cynodon. Santa ana was released in the usa in 1996 and in australia in 1976 by cirso, following breeding work conducted by dr. The phytochemical analysis showed that cynodon dactylon contained flavanoids, alkaloids. Cynodon dactylon online atlas of the british and irish flora. Phylogenetic analysis reveals multiple introductions of. Digestibility of top growth killed by frost declines by 56 percentage units after 1 week, and 1518 percentage unit after 4 weeks.
African bermudagrass cynodon transvaalensis burtt davycyntr and stargrass cynodon plectostachyus schumann englembayer code. Article pdf available in international journal of research in ayurveda and pharmacy 31. Cynodon dactylon, known as bermuda grass, dhoob, durva grass, dubo, dogs tooth grass. Disturbed in areas such as gardens, roadsides, overgrazed, trampled areas, uncultivated lands, localities with high levels of nitrogen. Cynodon dactylon is very widely distributed throughout the world and its exact origin is unknown. An cynodon dactylon in nahilalakip ha genus nga cynodon, ngan familia nga poaceae. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Bermuda grass cynodon dactylon is the most common c4 species in hungary. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. Hulled seed of common bermudagrass or other seedpropagated varieties or types should be planted at 5 to 10 lba in spring. List of various diseases cured by cynodon dactylon.
Cynodon dactylon, known as bermuda grass, dhoob, durva grass, dubo, dogs tooth grass, bahama grass, devils grass, couch grass, indian doab, arugampul, grama, wiregrass and scutch grass, is a grass that is native to most of the eastern hemisphere. Cynodon dactylon on integrated taxonomic information system. Cynodon dactylon bermuda grass is a perennial grass distributed all over the world, and particularly it is native to the warm temperate and tropical regions. Crop science abstract the origin of bermudagrass cynodon offtypes inferred by dna amplification fingerprinting. Cynodon dactylon trailing grass native to europe now cosmopolitan in warm regions. Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of. Nvs maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the nga tipu o aotearoa new zealand plants database. Bermudagrass cynodon dactylon is a popular commercial grass found in over 100 countries throughout the world. The plants database includes the following 2 subspecies of cynodon dactylon.
Plasticity in morphology and biomass allocation in cynodon dactylon, a grass. In this study, daf was used to characterize bermudagrass cynodon species and cultivars of interspecific crosses, evaluate genetic diversity and origin of bermudagrass offtypes, and certify authenticity of cultivar stocks. Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in cynodon dactylon. From these nodes, lateral buds develop that produce stems measuring from 5 to 40 cm in height. It is common in disturbed areas such as gardens, roadsides, overgrazed, trampled areas, uncultivated lands, localities with high levels of nitrogen, and is often found in moist sites along rivers. It is native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the old world, as well as being cultivated and naturalized in the new world and on many oceanic islands.
This sod forming grass is highly variable in appearance with stolons that root at the end of the nodes. Tracheophyta magnoliopsida poaceae cynodon cynodon dactylon. Most people dont conserve this grass because it invades everywhere, but farmers utilize it for pastures. However, bogdan 1977 stated that larger forms of c. Cynodon dactylon is windpollinated, and generally selfincompatible, suffering from inbreeding depression when genotypes are selfpollinated. Pers this species is accepted, and its native range is temp. Bermudagrass is a fast growing warm season perennial grass that spreads rapidly by seed, underground rhizomes and surface stolons runners. Before 1970, cynodon aethiopicus, cynodon nlemfuensis and cynodon plectostachyus were referred as cynodon dactylon and cynodon aethiopicus taliaferro et al.
Conservation status of new zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017. Cynodon dactylon occurs on almost all soil types, especially in fertile soil, e. Surface runoff and sediment losses with different vegetation coverage levels and. It is regarded as being native in queensland and new south wales and introduced in victoria, south australia, tasmania and the northern. Somatic embryogenesis cell suspension culture embryogenic callus embryogenic cell cynodon dactylon. Visual assessment of cynodon dactylon control with tillage and glyphosate in pelotshetlha in 2000 and 2001, 6 a and 16 b weeks after applying glyphosate. Cynodon dactylon is a warmseason, prostrate, perennial grass. Cynodon dactylon, this is a warm season perennial grass spreads both by stolons and rhizomes and forms a prostrate habit. Pdf chemical composition of bermuda grass cynodon dactylon. The genus as a whole as well as its species are commonly known as bermuda grass or dogs tooth grass. Providers nzflora provider contribution summary biostatus geo schema political region geo region new zealand environmental context wild occurrence present origin exotic. Andean bryophytes bolivia checklist catalogue of new world grasses ecuador catalogue flora mesoamericana madagascar catalogue moss flora of china peru checklist system details. Sspspring single plowing, sdpspring double plowing, wspwinter single plowing, wdpwinter double plowing.
In bermuda it has been known as crab grass also a name for. Quantitative traits such as seed yield and forage yield can be dramatically negatively affected. A taxonomic genus within the family cynodontidae dogtooth characins. Cynodon dactylon at encyclopedia of life cynodon dactylon at national center for biotechnology information. Cynodon dactylon is a perennial grass that is commonly used as a laxative, expectorant, analgesic, etc. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. To date, no pair of markers shows complete congruence with each other or host of origin. Turf finder santa ana hybrid green couch turf finder. Origin and distribution of the seleucidus race of cynodon. Cynodon dactylon synonyms, cynodon dactylon pronunciation, cynodon dactylon translation, english dictionary definition of cynodon dactylon. Identified amf spores in rhizosphere soil of cynodon dactylon. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Most gardeners, if not most people, will know what cynodon dactylon looks like, with its strong rhizomes and stolons and its flowering culms flowering stems which end in a whorl of 37 branches.
Crop science abstract the origin of bermudagrass cynodon. The center of distribution corresponds closely to the original seleucid empire pakistan to turkey, and germ plasm from the race has infiltrated into eastern and southern. How cynodon dactylon is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. The ligule has a ring of white hairs which is one of its identifying characteristics. It is used to treat unspecified medicinal disorders and as animal food and a medicine. In order to determine the effect of the species in soil conservation and slope reinforcement and the variation over time, the soil erosion resistance and shear strength of plants soilroot systems were tested during different seasons in a year through control. Cynodon m a taxonomic genus within the family poaceae several species of grass.
The distinguishing characteristics of cynodon dactylon are the conspicuous ring of white hairs of the ligule, the fringe of hairs on the keel of the lemma, and the graygreen. A taxonomic genus within the family poaceae several species of grass. Cynodon dactylon definition of cynodon dactylon by the free. Gulfgreen, see image below, royal blue, tifdwarf, tifgreen, tifway, tifsport and silverton blue. Hybrids are planted in april may with sprigs at 10 bua in rows or broadcast at 25 to 40 bua and covered. Download citation alerts sign up for toc email alerts permissions share email this content recommend to librarian doi. Overview appearance cynodon dactylon is a warmseason, prostrate, perennial grass that occurs on almost all soil types. Many of the studies cited in this report were conducted using bermudagrass cultivars. Cynodon dactylon is a warmseason, prostrate, perennial grass that occurs on almost all soil types.
Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. When the slope varied from 0 to 20, the ability of cynodon dactylon grassland to reduce the rc decreased by 12. Continentcountryregion, distribution, last reported, origin, first reported. Bermudagrass is native to africa but occurs throughout the world in tropical to warm temperate climates between 45 degrees north and 45 degrees south latitude. Haccius b 1978 question of unicellular origin of nonzygotic embryos in callus cultures. Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of cynodon dactylon 19 however, chandel and kumar isolated 24 compounds from cynodon dactylon leaves using gcms analysis, these included. Names of cynodon dactylon in various languages of the world are also given. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles. Cynodon dactylon herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects. However, it most probably originated in subsaharan. Leaves and leaf sheaths glabrous except for few hairs.
However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. The region from west pakistan to turkey is recognised as the area of evolutionary activity for this species wu, 2011. Download includes an excel spreadsheet of the attributes, and a pdf explaining the background and nomenclature. Plants profile for cynodon transvaalensis african dogstooth. The species definition relied on the diagnosis based. Application has vernacular full name indian doab name id 0a201481e79a4b32810322e4d7a25417 according to nicol, e.
Cynodon dactylon new zealand plant conservation network. Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of cynodon. It grows in open areas where there are frequent disturbances such as grazing, flooding, and fire. It is native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the old world, as well as being cultivated and naturalized in the new world and on many oceanic islands the genus name comes from greek words meaning dogtooth. Cynodon dactylon is a shortlived, prostrate, perennial grass that creeps along the ground and roots wherever a node touches the ground, quickly forming a dense mat. In the united states bermudagrass is most common in the subtropical regions from southern california east to the gulf coast and southeastern states. It has fine texture dark green lancedshaped leaves that turn brown when dormant.
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